1. What is this study about?

This study focuses on the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in South Africa during 2022, specifically using data from the Pneumonia Surveillance Programme (PSP) and Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) surveillance programmes. These programs monitored the circulation of key respiratory pathogens, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Bordetella pertussis, and SARS-CoV-2. The study details the pathogen detection rates, seasonal patterns, and the effects of these respiratory illnesses across various regions in South Africa.

2. Why does this matter?

This study is crucial because it provides valuable insight into the changing epidemiology of respiratory pathogens following the relaxation of COVID-19 lockdown measures. Understanding these patterns helps inform the planning of prevention and control strategies, guiding public health interventions such as vaccination programs. Furthermore, the study highlights the re-emergence of certain diseases like pertussis, which saw an increase in cases after the pandemic due to potential immunity gaps.

3. What drew your interest in this area of research?

Given my background in epidemiology and experience with South Africa’s national preparedness and response plan for COVID-19, my interest stemmed from a desire to understand how respiratory pathogens evolve, especially in a post-pandemic world. My experience with the Field Epidemiology Training Programme and the Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis (CRDM) has given me firsthand exposure to the critical need for robust surveillance in managing infectious diseases.

4. What was your role in the study?

As part of the team from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), I contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the epidemiological data, and I wrote the first draft of the report.

5. Why should people read this article?

People should read this article to gain a clear understanding of how respiratory illnesses, including influenza, RSV, pertussis, and COVID-19, are circulating in South Africa post-pandemic. It highlights critical data trends that could shape future health interventions and emphasizes the importance of maintaining strong disease surveillance systems. The findings provide actionable information for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers focused on preventing outbreaks and improving public health.

6. What impact do you hope this study will have on public health policy and access to healthcare?

The study aims to influence public health policy by underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance of respiratory pathogens, improved vaccination coverage, and rapid responses to outbreaks like pertussis. The study will help policymakers make informed decisions to strengthen healthcare systems, ensure timely access to vaccines, and maintain readiness for future pandemics or disease outbreaks. Expanding surveillance, as recommended in the report, could significantly enhance access to healthcare by identifying high-risk groups and ensuring targeted interventions.

Ms Jessica Yun is an epidemiologist at the Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases.

For a more in-depth look into this unique study, download the full article below.