Surveillance Reports

Why Is Meningococcal Disease on the Rise in South Africa? Meningococcal disease is endemic in South Africa. IMD episodes occur throughout the year, with seasonal increases in winter through spring. The causative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis colonises the human nasopharynx and is spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The disease mostly occurs when the […]

What Insights Can We Draw from the 2009-2023 Enteric Virus Data in South Africa? Enteric viruses, which primarily impact the gastrointestinal tract, are a leading cause of illness among young children. Viruses like rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus spread easily through contaminated food, water, and close contact, often triggering widespread outbreaks, particularly in communities with limited

What Can We Learn from Recent Cancer Statistics in South Africa? Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow and divide uncontrollably, often forming tumors and disrupting normal bodily functions. This disease remains a global health crisis, with nearly 10 million deaths reported in 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Low- and middle-income

What Did the 2022 Surveillance Reveal About Respiratory Illnesses in South Africa? Respiratory viruses are known for causing illnesses in the respiratory system, with symptoms often affecting both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Viruses like COVID-19, flu, and RSV are common during the autumn and winter seasons, leading to hospitalizations and deaths. Symptoms of

How Should STI Screening Adapt to Better Serve High-Risk Populations? Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by various bacteria, viruses, and parasites, mainly spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some STIs can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. There are curable infections like syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis,

What Can We Learn from Odyssean Malaria Cases in South Africa Over the Last Decade? Odyssean malaria is caused by malaria parasite-infected mosquitoes that have inadvertently travelled to non-malarious areas via various transport mechanisms (sea, air, rail, road). A person/s bitten by such a mosquito may result in a case/s of malaria in the absence

What are the Emerging Trends in Bacterial and Fungal Infections? Bacterial and fungal infections are illnesses caused by harmful bacteria and fungi invading the body, leading to a range of health issues. These infections can be mild or severe and can affect various parts of the body. For example, Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, a serious

What Insights Does the Surveillance of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers in South Africa Offer? Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by RNA viruses that can lead to severe bleeding, organ failure, and even death. These viruses belong to different families and are associated with specific geographic regions, making them significant public health

How Did Malaria Cases Evolve During the 2022-2023 Season? Malaria is a dangerous illness transmitted by certain species of mosquitoes, primarily in tropical regions, posing a significant threat to human health. The disease is caused by a parasite and does not spread directly between individuals. Malaria symptoms can range from mild, such as fever, chills,